Plan and check the statistics for an empirical study: choose the test from the design and data type, check assumptions and pick the robust alternative, compute sample size from a target effect, report effect sizes and confidence intervals alongside p-values, handle multiple comparisons, and write the analysis paragraph in the form reviewers expect; with runnable Python (scipy, statsmodels, pingouin) or R snippets. Use before collecting data (the analysis plan), after collecting it (running and reporting), or when a result says significant and the reviewer asks how.
