Cutting tool life — Taylor's tool life equation (VTⁿ = C), extended Taylor equation (V×Tⁿ×fᵐ×aᵖ = C), tool wear mechanisms (abrasion, diffusion, adhesion, oxidation), wear progression (VB, KT, KM crater wear, notch wear), tool failure modes, wear criterion (VB = 0.3 mm ISO), optimal cutting speed for maximum production rate vs. maximum economy, Colwell-Taylor reliability, carbide grade selection, coatings (TiN/TiAlN/Al₂O₃), and ISO 3685 tool life testing.
