Use when formalizing the decision problem before model building for a 《管理科学学报》 (Journal of Management Sciences in China) manuscript — identifying the decision maker(s), decision variables, timing / information structure, uncertainty, and the objective, so the problem is well-posed. Use right after fit positioning and before jmsc-model-building; use when you cannot yet say who chooses what under which constraints, or when it is unclear whether the problem is optimization, game, or control.
