Piping field troubleshooting — corrosion under insulation (CUI, Graver chart, inspection windows), flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC, Berger-Chexal model, susceptible geometries), dead legs (stagnant zones, microbial growth, stratification), erosion-corrosion (API RP 14E, C-factor, solid particle erosion), water hammer (Joukowski, line sizing), pipe vibration (AIV acoustic-induced vibration, FIV flow-induced, small-bore connections), pipe support failures (spring hanger, snubber), thermal expansion calculation errors, steam tracing failures, cathodic protection issues, high-temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA, Nelson curves API 941), creep and high-temp failures, ASME B31.3 f…
