Spring fatigue design — Wahl stress correction factor, mean and alternating shear stress, Goodman-Zimmerli diagram for springs, modified Goodman for helical springs, corrected endurance limit (Zimmerli data for spring wire), set removal (presetting), shot peening effect on fatigue, material fatigue properties (ASTM A228, chrome-silicon, chrome-vanadium wire), variable amplitude loading (Palmgren-Miner), relaxation under cyclic load, and SAE spring fatigue standards.
