Missing Data — Name the Mechanism, Impute Multiply, Pool by Rubin's Rules

Handles missing data with principled methods — forces an explicit MCAR / MAR / MNAR mechanism statement, then applies multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE) with Rubin's-rules pooling of estimates and standard errors, or full-information maximum likelihood (FIML) where a likelihood/SEM model applies. Uses statsmodels MICE / MICEData in Python or the field-standard R mice via Rscript, and warns that single (mean/regression) imputation and scikit-learn's IterativeImputer return one completed dataset without Rubin's-rules pooling, so they understate standard errors if used as multiple imputation. Use when a dataset has missing values, when choosing an imputation str…