Time Value of Money

Calculate present value, future value, NPV, IRR for projects and loans, loan payments, and amortization schedules across all compounding conventions. Use when the user asks about discounting cash flows, valuing an annuity or perpetuity, comparing investments with different timing, building a mortgage amortization table, evaluating whether a project is worth pursuing, or solving for the rate that equates cash flows (project IRR, loan IRR, yield on an investment). Also trigger when users mention 'what is it worth today', 'how much will I have in 20 years', 'monthly payment on a loan', 'discount rate', 'Gordon growth model', 'effective annual rate', 'continuous compounding',…