Conflict-free replicated data types (CRDTs) replicate across distributed nodes without coordination, guaranteeing strong eventual consistency via merge functions. Covers CvRDT/CmRDT theory, counters, registers, sets, sequence CRDTs (RGA/WOOT/Logoot), maps, trees, garbage collection, delta CRDTs, and OT comparison. Use when building collaborative editors, offline-first apps, or distributed systems.