Tribological testing — pin-on-disk (ASTM G99), block-on-ring (G77), four-ball (G99/D2266), linear reciprocating (G133), ball-on-flat, fretting, dry sand/rubber wheel (G65), high-speed high-stress abrasion (G105), friction coefficient measurement, wear rate calculation (volume loss, Archard wear coefficient k), Stribeck curve measurement, contact pressure and Hertz stress, traceability and uncertainty, and selection of test method to simulate specific tribological mechanism.
