Identify web server type/version, framework, and application entry points via banner grabbing, HTTP header analysis (Server, X-Powered-By, X-Generator), cookie names (CAKEPHP, laravel_session, wp-settings), HTML meta generators, robots.txt, source map files (.map), JS hardcoded secrets, and Google dorking (site:, inurl:, filetype:, intitle:) with tools Nikto, WhatWeb, Wappalyzer, Nmap, Shodan, Burp Suite, OWASP ZAP, Waybackurls.
